Mikroflora pada Kefir

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  Mikroflora yang telah diketahui terdapat pada Kefir terdiri atas 4 kelompok, rinciannya adalah sbb (sumber : Dom's Kefirpage) :http://users.sa.chariot.net.au/~dna/kefirpage.html#traditional-kefir
  
  
  
  LACTOBACILLI
  

  
  Lactobacillus acidophilus (Ini terdapat pula pada Yoghurt)
  Lb. brevis [Possibly now Lb. kefiri]
  Lb. casei subsp. casei
  Lb. casei subsp. rhamnosus
  Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei
  Lb. fermentum
  Lb. cellobiosus
  Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus
  Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis
  Lb. fructivorans
  Lb. helveticus subsp. lactis
  Lb. hilgardii
  Lb. helveticus
  Lb. kefiri
  Lb. kefiranofaciens subsp. kefirgranum
  Lb. kefiranofaciens subsp. kefiranofaciens
  Lb. parakefiri
  Lb. plantarum
  
  STREPTOCOCCI/LACTOCOCCI
  
  Streptococcus thermophilus (ini terdapat pada Yoghurt)
  St. paracitrovorus^
  Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
  Lc. lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis
  Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris
  Enterococcus durans
  Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris
  Leuc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides
  Leuc. dextranicum ^
  
  YEASTS
  
  Dekkera anomala t/ Brettanomyces anomalus a
  Kluyveromyces marxianus t/ Candida kefyr a#
  Pichia fermentans t/ C. firmetaria a
  Yarrowia lipolytica t/ C. lipolytica a
  Debaryomyces hansenii t/ C. famata a#
  Deb. [Schwanniomyces] occidentalis
  Issatchenkia orientalis t/ C. krusei a
  Galactomyces geotrichum t/ Geotrichum candidum a
  C. friedrichii
  C. rancens
  C. tenuis
  C. humilis
  C. inconspicua
  C. maris
  Cryptococcus humicolus
  Kluyveromyces lactis var. lactis #
  Kluyv. bulgaricus
  Kluyv. lodderae
  Saccharomyces cerevisiae #
  Sacc. subsp. torulopsis holmii
  Sacc. pastorianus
  Sacc. humaticus
  Sacc. unisporus
  Sacc. exiguus
  Sacc. turicensis sp. nov
  Torulaspora delbrueckii t
  * Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
  
  ACETOBACTER
  
  Acetobacter aceti
  Acetobacter rasens
  ______________________________________________
  
  Legend
  t Teleomorph. Sexual reproductive stage. Yeast form pseudo-mycelium as in Flowers of Kefir.
  a Anamorph. Asexual reproductive stage. Reproduce by budding or forming spores or cell splitting [fission].
  # Can utilize lactose or lactate.
  ^ Aroma forming.
  subsp. Sub specie type.
  sp. Specie type.
  sp. nov. New strain or new specie strain type.
  biovar. Biological variation strain type.
  var. Variety type.
  Units Count of Microbes in Gram Stained Kefir Grains
  
  Bacilli [single cells, pair, chains]
  Streptococci [pair, chains]
  Yeast [single cells]
  
  The Means Range
  
  Bacilli 66, 62-69%
  Streptococci 16, 11- 12%
  Yeast 18, 16- 20% [11]
  Evolution Sequence among Genus Groups during Kefir Culture Cycle
  
  Lactococci > Lactobacilli > Leuconostoc > Yeast > Acetobacter
  Microbial Composition of Kefir at End of Fermentation [colony forming units/ml] **
  
  Lactococci : 1,000,000,000
  Leuconostocs : 100,000,000
  Lactobacilli : 5,000,000
  Yeast : 1,000,000
  Acetobacter : 100,000
  
  
  File :  By Andang Kasriadi in Komunitas Kefir Indonesia (Indonesian Kefir Society)